Cell Organelles and the Production of a Protein

Using a tender-hearted cadre of your choice, describe how stall organs work unitedly to have got and secrete a protein (LO1. AC 1. 1) An epithelial cell in the thyroid glandalal gland gland, called a thyrocyte forms spherical follicles that produce a protein called thyroglobulin. This is a globular protein that has a available role in metabolism. The protein is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) is an example of one of the hormones created. thyroxine is formed by tincture of iodine natural covering to tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin molecules, inside the follicle cell. www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem. html) This hormone regulates growth and controls the rate of chemic reactions in the body. This image is from http//classes. midlandstech. com/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16. htm Before the thyroid hormone potbelly be secreted from the thyroid follicle cell, the thyrocyte needs to make the protei n thyroglobluin, by several(predicate) cell organelles in the cell. There be some(prenominal) organelles inside the cell, however only specialised organelles make and secrete thyroglobulin.The Nucleus (the largest organelle inside the cell) controls all the different organelles at bottom the follicle cell, and instructs each organelle on how to tax write-off the protein (thyroglobulin). It similarly holds the DNA which codes for thyroglobulin, so it knows what protein the cell is producing and how much is needed. The Nucleolus, which is inside the Nucleus, contains the ribosomal RNA that is intricate in building proteins and also this organelle is the site where ribosomes are assembled. The ribosome is where Thyroglobulin is made.This organelle is all found floating free end-to-end the cell in the cytoplasm or embedded on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The protein stand be formed at twain locations. Thyroglobulin uses the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transport syst em through the thyrocyte also this organelle can be a temporary storage for thyroglobulin until it is needed. The protein is therefore travel to the Golgi complex, this organelle is known to be closely commonly found in glandular cells. The Golgi body is where thyroglobulin is modified into a glycoprotein this is when a carbohydrate is added into the structure of the protein.This modified thyroglobulin is processed, take and packaged into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are then discharged in to the follicle lumen. The thyroid follicle cell traps iodide (active uptake) and it then travels through the cell, on the mood through the cell the iodide is oxidised into active iodine by heat content peroxide. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The iodine is then passed into the colloid lumen. In the colloid the iodine is tie to tyrosine, this is the amino acid that joins together to make up the protein thyroglobulin, forming DIT (T2).DIT is known as a colloid thyroglobulin. Iodinated tyrosines are fall in together to form thyroxine (T4). The thyroglobulin colloid is endocytosed (entering) defend into the thyroid follicle cell forming an inward folding. This is then combined with a lysosome, so that the lysosomal enzymes can split thyroxine from the thyroglobulin colloid. Finally the hormone is diffused out of the thyrocyte, through the cell membrane into the bloodstream on its way to the peripheral tissues via the capillary.Image from http//wps. aw. com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10969/2808223. cw/index. html