Constantly Seeking To Improve Its Performance Management Essay

Constantly Seeking To Improve Its Performance Management Essay Any organisation needs to be constantly seeking to improve its performance, products, services and processes. It is part of the ongoing change process. Innovation and change are more than just words; they are critical challenges in todays workplace. It can make the difference between success and failure. Leaders and managers may experience some challenges when leading and managing innovative changes in multicultural and diverse organisations. One of these challenges may be that staff may not support the innovative idea. In an organisation in which staff are use to performing daily tasks in certain ways, there might be resistance when an innovative idea or change is introduce. Staff and others are afraid of change because of the increase in work demand and afraid of change in their daily routine in the workplace and the insecurity they may possibly have regarding innovation, it may cause increased level of stress, and such stress may affect the individual health of the staff. Because of the stress and feelings of insecurity that may come with an innovative idea, employees may find themselves against an innovation or change. Another challenge to managers are some staff may have difficulty in adapting to the new change may be because of their cultural backgrounds. Some staff may learn t he change faster than others; yet, consideration must be given to those who may be slow in understanding the new idea but such behaviour is natural human response. Managers and leaders must consider how employees will adapt to new changes. Managers and leaders need to involve staff in the innovative process to avoid certain challenges that may encounter from implementing new changes. If the staff is introduce to changes that may occur in the future, they more possible accept the changes because they have been informed. Participation in the innovation process may enable staff to understand the need for such innovation and change and also may provide information of how to introduce the innovative idea to their customers. This assignment will discuss the understanding and importance of innovation and change in the organisation. It also covers the propose innovative solutions to improve organisational performance and leading and managing change within the organisation. UNDERSTAND THE NEED FOR INNOVATION AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT WITHIN AN ORGANISATION. Explain the importance of innovation for own organisation. According to the economist innovation is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, or other aspects of the activities of a firm that lead to increased value. It focused on two main types: product and process. (The nature and importance of innovation, p 1, Princeton.edu).A product innovation is the act of bringing something new to the market place that improves the range and quality of products on offer, for example in the nursing home bringing the updated equipment such as hoist, lifting or mobility aids. A process innovation is a new way of making or delivering goods or services, for example the services provided by the organisation such as the activities and resources needed to accomplish the work. Innovation is different from creativity because innovation is adding something new to an existing product while creativity is a process that produces an original product, service or process. As an aspiring manager innovation in the organisation like in the nursing home is important as it is the primary way to differentiate services to competitor. Innovative ideas is needed to make the organisation stand out or improve to enhance quality of care for Clients/ Service Users, reduce staff turnover and stimulate/motivate staff with interest and challenge of working. Alexander Court ensures that equipments such as hoist, lifting and mobility aids, etc are updated; it attracts the customer because it is hard to compete if using obsolete one. They also ensure staff have the necessary knowledge, skills and competencies by attending continuous programme of personal and professional development such as training and further study to provide the highest standard of care to every Service Users. Service Users are also provided with available resources and access to independent advocacy services. There is also technology that available within the organisation like introduction of electronic information system such as electronic Clients/Service Users record. This technology aimed to increase quality of care, reduce healthcare costs or solve workforce problem. The benefits of innovation to the organisation are making the staff more effective to provide quality care, which improve productivity and efficiency of the organisation by gaining new customers and re ceive recognition of the value of services like by word of mouth from loyal Clients/ customers. Innovation also leads to improvements in the way organisation operates and improves financial profit. The most common barrier to innovation in organisation is inadequate fund, even though the manager has some innovative ideas but because of lack of support from the management due to financial constraints the new ideas cannot be implemented. Another barrier to innovation is the time and resources because staff are so busy doing their regular work due to shortage of staff, they have insufficient time to create new ideas and they used to the old tradition and routine activities. There are some more barrier innovation can face such as lack of leadership, lack of cooperation, lack of technology and poor communication. The most effective way to overcome barriers is to have a group discussion and find out how to be able to work through problems. Working together to solve problems is an effective way to establish essential networks. An organisation may attempt radical and incremental innovation in both its process and product. For example, the process of doing nursing care plan to the disabled Service User instead of giving him/her an ordinary cutlery, they will provide the Good Grips designed utensils for him/her to be easy to use; good grip utensils would be the incremental innovation because it does not change his activity. On the other hand, radical innovation is like when encoding clients information before we have to write on paper but because of advance technology we encode it on computer, so computer or the new technology is the radical innovation. Explain the importance of managing change within own organisation. Change Management is an organized, systematic application of the knowledge, tools and resources of change that provides organization with a key process to achieve their business strategy. Lamarsh Change management is not an easy way of making changes in the organisation, a consultant or expert within this area is needed. The consultant will select area that needs attention and certain models, methods, techniques and tools are used for making these changes necessary for the organisation. It also requires a broad set of skills like analytical skills, people skills, system skills and business skills. Managing change is important for any organisation because, without change, businesses would lose their competitive edge and fail to meet the needs and requirement of the customers. It is also important to allow staff to learn new skills, explore new opportunities and exercise their creativity in ways that organisation benefit through new ideas and increased commitment. However, organisation should consider the pros and cons and effectiveness of change. Change management strategy or planning process should put into place before, during and after the change. Before the change organisation should make a survey if managers are ready to lead change, staff confidence level in ability to adapt change and staff confidence level in ability to determine short and long term career plans. During and after the change organisation should provide support and development for managers to lead staff through the change, provide coaching for managers who still need help and evaluate if they achieved the ir goals and objectives. To effectively manage change the organisation should implement a process that includes leadership support, development, effective communication and success measure. Prepare staff to deal with these changes involves analysis of the tools and training required to help them learn new skills. In the nursing home there are some factors that drive change like increasing complaints from Clients and their family, staff performance, high managers turnover and high competition. Changing management style is necessary to be able to solve those problems. Leadership style and management procedures must shift and adapt, and ways of relating with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders need refining. Technological advances and capabilities must be introduced, and preparation of the team to work with the new structure. Organisations benefit from change results in new ways of looking at customer needs, new ways of delivering customer service, new ways of strengthening customer interactions. BE ABLE TO PROPOSE INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. Assess an opportunity for innovation and improvement in own organisation. Innovation and improvement approaches can be useful in the implementation of strategic planning goals and strategies. It is important that those in the organisation view improvement and innovation as approaches to move the organisation from where it is to where it wants to be. Alexander Court aim is to provide a high standard of individualised care to all its Service User in well invested facilities, seeking to be the home of choice in local community in which it operates. They provide opportunities for the staff to study and train for further personal and professional development and improvement. So to meet this goal the organisation strives for innovation and improvement because Care Quality Commission inspection rating is not good. As an aspiring manager, I assess the characteristics of the organisation by identifying their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). I also examine the impact of the environment in which it functions such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL). The SWOT and PESTEL analysis of the organisation are listed in the table. (See appendices 1and 2 on page 11- 12) Justify the improvement identified, in the context of organisational objectives. To successfully build a culture for continuous improvement and innovation initiatives, people in the organisation need to be engaged and part of the process. As I have identify in the SWOT analysis the weakness of the organisation is more on the people in the organisation such as shortage of staff, managers turnover, lack of motivation, and financial constraints. A year ago the company who owned the Care Home is under financial chaos so they were affected by the crisis. Managers turnover increase and they have different leadership style so there is no familiarisation. This problem cause shortage of staff and increase staff turnover due to pressure, confusion and fear of losing their jobs so they are not effective in performing their duties. There is lack of motivation in the sense that supervision and appraisal for staff improvement is not regularly follow, although the organisation provide opportunities for staff to study and train, for me it is not enough because evaluation of perf ormance and guidance is essential to be able to know if we do things right. If given a chance to be a manager of the organisation, one of my main focuses is how to manage staff, it is important to ensure that the team have three factors knowledge, skill and motivation to be the most efficient and the best that they can be for the organisation. Knowledge and skill is important to improve performance by conducting training for each member of staff with the competencies that they need to have and achieve. Keep them updated to the latest training courses and accreditations available if needed. Motivating staff is more difficult because everyone is motivated by different things. Some are motivated not only by personal gain but also by feeling part of the team and contributing to its goals. Communication is also essential to establish a friendly, collaborative work environment. Regular Staff appraisal and supervision is also important to talk about their performance and if there is improvement and guidance needed. By having a more efficient team, it is likely to have a more efficient output of the business as a whole. 2.3 Use a range of techniques to generate innovative options to deliver the improvement identified. Feasibility study is an analysis of the ability to complete a project successfully, taking into account legal, economic, technological, scheduling and other factors. It also allows project managers to investigate the possible negative and positive outcomes of a project before investing too much time and money. Therefore, feasibility study is an effective way to safeguard against wastage of further investment or resources. FEASIBILITY STUDY Alexander Court considers its management team and staff to be the key ingredient in the delivery of a quality service and believe the future success of the organisation is dependent upon its skilled and educated workforce. While ACs number of Service Users gone down and lose potential Clients due to some problem that the organisation encountered such as complaints from service users and their family, increase managers turnover and shortage of staff. Even though the company continue to provide opportunities for staff to study and train for further career enhancement but still, it is not capable of solving the problem because managers are not staying for a longer period of time. Managers have the important role in managing staff in the organisation. They should take on more of a coaching role with their staff. Significant relationships exist between the effective provision of coaching and guidance by the manager and levels of employee satisfaction, commitment and motivation. As an aspi ring manager, I make a Feasibility study as a possible solution to solve the stated problem of the organisation. (Feasibility Study see appendix 3 on page 13-15) 2.4 Evaluate options for generating the proposed improvement to determine feasibility and viability. Management experts agree that the most important factor for success in any business is the management team that makes the decisions; yet it is the factor most often overlooked in determining the feasibility of the idea. A feasibility study is usually conducted after discussing a series of business ideas. This helps to frame and fresh out specific business options so they can be studied in depth. During the feasibility process you may investigate a variety of ways of organising the business and positioning the product or service. If the study indicates negative feedback it does not mean that the proposal can be abandon we need to look for alternatives to meet the goal. We have to explore things to ensure it appeals to the customer. The need for primary and secondary sources of information is important to determine feasibility of the proposed improvement. Secondary information is information that has already been collected and available to the organisation from internal or external sources. Examples include information published in websites, newspapers, magazines, trade journals and information about customer details that has been collected. Primary is information that gathered specifically for a project; the most familiar primary research methods are focus groups, surveys like telephone, questionnaires and feedback from stakeholders. This information is essential to evaluate the pros and cons in making decision. BE ABLE TO LEAD AND MANAGE CHANGE WITHIN AN ORGANISATION. Change management is the process, tools and techniques to manage the people aspects of change processes, to achieve the required outcomes and to realise the change effectively within individuals, teams, and organisations. (What is change management, project laneways.com/au) To effectively lead change, a project manager must ensure that change is accepted and implemented by a confident workforce. This means that staff must be aware of the change and the reasons behind it as well as fully informed and trained on what the change means to them. The project manager also has to be aware of the different ways stakeholders in the organisation prefer to deal with change. When expectations of the stakeholders are managed, the change gets higher chances of success. It is important to ensure stakeholders are engaged with the change and they are aware of the status of the change and they are provided with support level and the change can be implemented as expected. It is also important to generate action plans when conflicts are arise. 3.1 Create a change management plan that is designed to meet stakeholders expectations. Stakeholders are the people that are directly involved in and affected by the change project. They need to understand the reasons why the change is happening and its benefits. It is important that both internal and external stakeholders are kept informed and provided with messages and information that allow them to feel engaged, thus paving the way for involvement and adoption. Communication is the key way that stakeholders are engaged in the change. Stakeholders in the organisation should be aware of change because each stakeholder has different ideas about the change and its importance. The key stakeholders in the nursing home for example are the Service Users and their family, Staff, management, and professional staff. The Service Users and their family expectations are for quality service and satisfaction and low cost. The staffs (nurses, healthcare worker, chef, domestic, etc) expectations are primarily related to high quality and adequate support services and equipment. The expectations of management (owner, manager, deputy manager) cost containment, profitability and institutional leadership. The primary concern of professional staffs such as GPs, occupational therapist, dietician are also quality and availability of services and facilities. To successfully implement change, organisations need to support the performance of the staff with the change. To reinforce and sustain change, organisation must develop staff with skills that align with the change goals and to determine staff skills deficits that require development and strengthening. Organisation also need to implement on the job training, mentoring and classroom or computer based training strategies to improve competencies, and encourage professional development by setting aside budget for training. 3.2 Implement the change management plan, monitoring progress against agreed targets. Change originates within the organisation itself. Much of this change is part of natural process for example, as material resources such as buildings, equipment or machinery deteriorate or lose efficiency, or as human resources such as skills and abilities become outdated. Some of this change, can be managed through careful planning for example, regular repairs and maintenance, choice of introducing new technology or methods of work, effective human resource planning to prevent a large number of staff living at the same time, and management succession planning training and staff development. However, the main pressure of change is from external forces. The organisation must be properly prepared to face the demands of a changing environment. It must give attention to its future development and success and this includes public sector organisations. Every organisation concedes the importance of transforming their culture in order to survive in a competitive environment. Time, energy and money are invested to redirect the organisation through new systems and structures. The solution is to have a process to be follow when in need to make change. A process that will ensure you plan, test and incorporate feedback before committing implementation. A popular tool is the Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle. This is often referred to as the Deming Cycle. It describes the activities a company needs to perform in order to incorporate continuous improvement in its operation. The circular nature of this cycle shows that continuous improvement is a never ending process. (The cycle chart see appendix 4 on page 15) PLAN Planning is a vital part of the process. Managers put more time and consideration into this stage. They assess current situation and make plans based on any problem they find. They need to collect data, identify problems and document all current procedures like the impact and potential problem of the change may encounter and identify methods to measure the outcome. DO In this stage the managers try out the change on the agreed sample and measure the impact. If the change is having a positive effect, they will implement the change, however if things are not doing well like resistance from other staff because they quite satisfied with the status quo. In this case, this will be valuable to consider the next steps. STUDY During the study phase of the cycle, managers need to evaluate the data collected from the previous phase, to see whether they have achieved the desired outcome establish in the plan phase. ACT The last phase of the cycle is to act on the basis of the results to other members in the organisation and then implement the new procedure if it has been successful. Note that it is a cycle; the next step is to plan again. After we have acted we need to continue evaluating the process planning and repeating the cycle again. To overcome the barriers and other problems in implementing change, strong communication strategy together will help avoid misunderstanding that can hinder the best-laid plans. Planned organisational change will not be effectively implemented unless it is communicated to an organisations staff in such a way that resistance is overcome, fears are prevented, confusion is minimised, and buy-in by all affected individuals is secured. Communication about change aids in the unfreezing of old behaviours, the transition during which new behaviours are adopted, and the refreezing of the new behaviour into habit. In fact, Ford and Ford (1995) claim that change does not occur except in that it is mediated by communication; in other words, communication is the context within which change occurs. CONCLUSION Leaders and staff are vital in moving the organisations forward. Without them, the foundations of organisation would be unbalance. Leaders influence followers, but followers also have some influence. They are both lead success to the organisation. As an aspiring manager, to be able to lead innovation and change I will ensure team members are aware of the changes and they receive training before implementing change. Explain that there is learning curve and they will be given full support during the process to avoid resistance. Effective communication with staff regarding change is essential to the success of implementing change. Managers also must be firm, yet fair in their approach because staff must see confidence. Confidence in teams ability to implement change and confidence in time scale set. REFERENCES Change management change management training from mindtools.com (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_87.htm Change management principles, process, tips and change theory and models (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.businessballs.com/changemanagement.htm (Accessed 28/06/2012) Change management theory (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/changemanagement.html (Accessed 29/06/20120 Definition of change management (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.change-management-coach.com/definition-of-change-management.html (27/06/2012) Feasibility Study Template (2012) (online) Available at: http://.www.projectmangementdocs.com/template/feasibility-study-template.html (Accessed 05/07/2012) Innovation benefits (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.referenceforbusinees.com/encyclopedia/Inc-Int/Innovation.html (accessed 29/06/2012) Leading innovation and change, ILM level 5 Qualification in Management Workbook (2008) Kent Learning Resources Management and Organizational behaviour 8th edition P 734 (2007) by Laurie J Mullins Market feasibility and Competitive Intelligence Market Research Analysis by Market Street Research (2004) (online) Available at: http://www.marketstreetresearch.com/capabilities/solution-feasibility.htm Accessed 10/07/2012) Managing Stakeholders Expectation (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.managingmanagementguide.com/guidelines.com (Accessed 19/07/2012) Overcoming the Barriers to change in healthcare system (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.isixsigma.com/implementation/change-management-implementation/overcoming-barriers-change-healthcare-system/htm Accessed 13/07/2012) The nature and importance of innovation (18/4/2012) (Online) Available at: http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s9221.pdf (Accessed 21/6/2012) What is Innovation? (2012) (online) Available at: http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/part14/69290 (Accessed 21/06/2012) Why is change important in an organization? (2012) (online) Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/change-important-organization-728.html (Accessed 02/07/2012) Why is change management important? (2012) (online) Available at: http://www.maventraining.co.uk/media/26/1126-quick-guide-why-is-change-management-important.pdf (Accessed 03/07/2012) Why is innovation important? (December 2010) (Online) Available at: http://www.innovationforgrowth.co.uk/whyinnovationimportant.pdf (Accessed 22/06/12) Writing a Feasibility Study, Chapter 4, (2012) (online) Available at: http://nfsmi.org/documentlibraryfiles/PDF/20080212032917.pdf. (Accessed 06/07/12) APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHTS S Updated equipment Well-trained staff Resources Good customer care WEAKNESSES W Shortage of Staff Lack of motivation Increase Managers turnover Financial constraints OPPORTUNITIES O Quality improvement High aging population Use of technology to improve service Training and development THREATS T Economic / financial crisis Increase staff turnover / loss of key staff Competition Changes in policies, regulations, procedures and legislations APPENDIX 2 PESTEL ANALYSIS POLITICAL Government policies Stability and change Following regulations and legislations ECONOMIC Budget/ Financial Labour cost Tax increase Inflation and growth SOCIOLOGICAL Customer attitudes and opinions Ethnic / religious factors Population size / structure TECHNOLOGICAL Availability of technology Communication services Advances in equipments Increase automation ENVIRONMENTAL Proper disposal of waste Use recycled items Proper storage of chemicals Use of eco-friendly resources Global climate change LEGAL Documentation Policies and procedures Health and safety quality standard APPENDIX 3 FEASIBILITY STUDY Alexander Court aim is to provide high standard quality of care to all Service Users. They are committed to provide Service Users with a safe, comfortable and caring environment which addresses their needs and preserves their individuality, choice, rights, dignity, privacy and independence. Feasibility study is facilitating to meet this goal and improve quality service. Purpose / Description of the idea Staff management is the most important job that managers do in the organisation. Manager need to understand and perform the staff practices that keep them motivated, inspired, develop and attain goals with their guidance. Manager should controls the key environmental factors necessary to motivate staff. The most important factor manager control is his or her relationship with each staff. The second most significant factor is manager should create a work environment and organisational culture that foster staff motivation and engagement. Inspire and reward staff by training, appraisals, promotion and career progression to encourage staff to meet and exceed performance. Involve staff in decision making and try to create an open and mutual working environment. The organisation culture foundation is on trust, teamwork, and communication and shared goals. Advantages and Disadvantages of the propose system/services/idea For a business to be successful, it has to not only offer products and /or services that meet customers needs and wants, but also have staff that is loyal and committed. The advantages of leading and motivating staff helps the organisation bring about higher staff retention, higher levels of productivity, more innovation and creativity, higher profits and better reputation both among potential employees and customers. However, increase dependency of staff on to the manager lead to more supervision required and dissatisfaction in staff if bad decisions are made are the disadvantage Staffing Staff is required to attend training sessions organised during working hours to enhance quality of work and training skills. To ensure the safety and well-being of the Service Users and to comply with statutory obligations, staff must attend any relevant statutory training sessions. Failure to comply may lead to disciplinary action, including dismissal. To meet the legal requirement care staff must be trained to at least NVQ 2 or 3. Staff supervision and appraisal must be done regularly to assist, guide and motivate staff as part of home performance improvement plan. Competitive Advantage Investing in advanced education and training for employees benefits employers in many ways such as having competent staff and have impact on staff retention and satisfaction. Well-educated and highly trained staff/employees can be an incredible asset and are likely to bring new ideas and increased creativity into the workplace, which can be a positive impact on different aspect of any business. Business Model Employee continuing education can have direct, beneficial impact on the bottom line of any organisation in several ways. For example, staff who have a high degree of job satisfaction and loyal toward their employers are likely to have a high degree of productivity, which contribute to improved financial performance for the organisation and reduce turnover costs. Marketing Strategy Market strategy apart from promoting thru networking site, referral sources is important, word of mouth is powerful so make sure environment is attractive and then hold an extravagant open house for the resources. Train staff on proper communication to the referral sources like doctors, family and friends of the client, hospitals, etc. When doctors come in and visit your home, roll out the red carpet. That way they will send more clients

Scotland at the time of Robert Burns :: essays research papers

Burns was born just before George III came to the throne in 1760. America declared her independence when Burns was 17 and the Paris mob sacked the Bastille to start the French Revolution in 1789, when the poet was 30. Revolutionary ideas were in the air during the life of Burns and he was affected by this trend. Scotland and England had only finally joined through the Union of the Parliaments in1707 and there was still a resentment against the loss of independence which has continued to the present day. The years after the Union had not been quiet ones and rebellions had taken place in 1715 and 1745 ending in the disaster at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 which effectively destroyed the Jacobites and the clan system is in the Highlands, But by the second half of the eighteenth century things had begun slowly to change for the better in Scotland. Agriculture, industry and trade began to expand in the first stages of the Industrial Revolution which was to transform Scotland over the next hundred years. Around the time of Burns birth the average Scot lived in the country and worked the land. This average person would travel no more than 20 miles from their own birthplace in the course of their lifetime. When Burns wrote about the land described experiences that were real for the vast majority of the Scottish People who still struggled to make a living from it. At the time, from around 1740 onwards, Edinburgh became famous throughout Europe as a centre for philosophy, medicine, science and publishing during what came to be known as the "Scottish Enlightenment". Burns may have been born into a humble family but he wasn’t uneducated. He was well read in literature and politics, knew something of foreign languages and the classics and had a keen ear for music.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy Teachers are the shapers of tomorrow. They work with the future on a daily basis: they have the privilege of working with children. Children determine the brightness and promise of their future and our future, as well. This is why I find teaching to be the greatest career choice anyone could make. Children entrust their teacher with the better part of their day. This time that they give should be treated as valuable as it surely is. The worth of students’ time is immeasurable. This time cannot be returned to them and, likewise, should be treated with respect. When well spent, this time can be used valuably. Educators have several purposes, but those who understand the value of the time spent with their students can better prepare those students for the future. From the first day when students set foot in my classroom, I become responsible for them. I decided to become an educator because I want to make an impact on today’s world and the world of tomorrow. In my opinion, educators have the greatest opportunity to make this impact because they are with twenty-five impressionable children for eight hours a day and 180 days a year. In many cases, the teacher is the only stability some children have. I will become a guide to many expectant children. I become a very important element in their lives as I am their educator, their motivator, their nurse, their disciplinarian, and, hopefully, their role model. Teachers are not just responsible for a child’s educational growth. As a teacher, I will be responsible for the growth of the whole child. I want to become my students’ motivator and help them achieve the best. Each child should be made aware of his potential and abilities. The teacher’s job is to keep each student involved and interested in his education. This requires the teacher to do much one-on-one instruction. This is where one of my educational philosophies, Existentialism, comes in. All students need to appreciate their uniqueness; therefore, they should be given some responsibility in making decisions about their education.

Electoral College Of U.S.A Essay

The President and Vice-President of U. S. A are being elected by a body of electors. The scripter’s of U. S Constitution formulated an indirect method for electing the President and Vice-President. This method is known as the ‘Electoral College â€Å"which scripter viewed that would end in informed, educated persons being selected to their nation’s top position. However, each political party in U. S. A picks up their own cadres to act as electors to elect the top leaders. Thus, presidential candidates have to secure majority votes in the Electoral College for winning the election. In the U. S Presidential election, voters do not vote for President or Vice-President directly but pick up electors who are pledged to support their presidential candidates. Each State in U. S. A has as many electors at is has U. S Senators which will be normally two and U. S Representatives, the number will be depending upon the state’s population. For instance, the District of Colombia is having three electoral votes. Those presidential candidates who have the most popular votes win all of the state’s electoral votes. This is recognized as the â€Å"winner-take-all† rule. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007). The electors in each state will assemble in their legislative assemblies and vote for presidential candidate during the election time. Thus, each state testimony its electoral votes and forwards the results to the U. S Congress which counts the ballots. The counting will be carried over by the Senate and the House of Representatives and it will review the â€Å"Electoral College† votes. The candidate who obtains the majority of 270 Electoral College votes out of total 538 wins despite of the outcome of the popular votes. In case, if there is a tie or if no candidate obtains a majority, then the House of Representatives picks up the President and the Senate picks up the Vice President. Due to the concept â€Å"winner-take-all† dictum, it is possible as it had happened in the year 2000 election (Bush v Al Gore), a candidate who win the popular vote and still lose the Electoral College. Dating from 1845, the federal law requires that electors must be chosen on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November and the counting of votes will be perused by the Congress on January 6. The Electoral College is vehemently attacked that it has to be reformed as it had given the country about 14 minority presidents. Thus, the following are the Presidents who had won the majority in the Electoral College even though they lacked behind in obtaining popular vote. It is to be observed that among the above mentioned Presidents, only Harrison, Hayes and George W. Bush failed to obtain a plurality of the popular vote. The main aim of the Electoral College system is to give more recognition to the less populace states on the basis of the number of a state’s electors on its senators and U. S representatives and to prevent the President to focus more attention to most populous states and on the problems significant to their voters. One of the main intentions of Electoral College is to make sure that most qualified candidate and not the most popular candidate would be chosen by electors on behalf of their states but by making an independent judgment. After the Twelfth Amendment, there were copious efforts to amend the Electoral College and to alter the system of presidential election, but none of them has succeeded. George W. Bush popular-vote loss and victory in Electoral College with a thin margin in the year 2000 again triggered the support for annulment of Electoral College system as it lacks natural justice in deciding the victory of the presidential election.

Cell Organelles and the Production of a Protein

Using a tender-hearted cadre of your choice, describe how stall organs work unitedly to have got and secrete a protein (LO1. AC 1. 1) An epithelial cell in the thyroid glandalal gland gland, called a thyrocyte forms spherical follicles that produce a protein called thyroglobulin. This is a globular protein that has a available role in metabolism. The protein is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) is an example of one of the hormones created. thyroxine is formed by tincture of iodine natural covering to tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin molecules, inside the follicle cell. www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem. html) This hormone regulates growth and controls the rate of chemic reactions in the body. This image is from http//classes. midlandstech. com/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16. htm Before the thyroid hormone potbelly be secreted from the thyroid follicle cell, the thyrocyte needs to make the protei n thyroglobluin, by several(predicate) cell organelles in the cell. There be some(prenominal) organelles inside the cell, however only specialised organelles make and secrete thyroglobulin.The Nucleus (the largest organelle inside the cell) controls all the different organelles at bottom the follicle cell, and instructs each organelle on how to tax write-off the protein (thyroglobulin). It similarly holds the DNA which codes for thyroglobulin, so it knows what protein the cell is producing and how much is needed. The Nucleolus, which is inside the Nucleus, contains the ribosomal RNA that is intricate in building proteins and also this organelle is the site where ribosomes are assembled. The ribosome is where Thyroglobulin is made.This organelle is all found floating free end-to-end the cell in the cytoplasm or embedded on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The protein stand be formed at twain locations. Thyroglobulin uses the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transport syst em through the thyrocyte also this organelle can be a temporary storage for thyroglobulin until it is needed. The protein is therefore travel to the Golgi complex, this organelle is known to be closely commonly found in glandular cells. The Golgi body is where thyroglobulin is modified into a glycoprotein this is when a carbohydrate is added into the structure of the protein.This modified thyroglobulin is processed, take and packaged into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are then discharged in to the follicle lumen. The thyroid follicle cell traps iodide (active uptake) and it then travels through the cell, on the mood through the cell the iodide is oxidised into active iodine by heat content peroxide. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The iodine is then passed into the colloid lumen. In the colloid the iodine is tie to tyrosine, this is the amino acid that joins together to make up the protein thyroglobulin, forming DIT (T2).DIT is known as a colloid thyroglobulin. Iodinated tyrosines are fall in together to form thyroxine (T4). The thyroglobulin colloid is endocytosed (entering) defend into the thyroid follicle cell forming an inward folding. This is then combined with a lysosome, so that the lysosomal enzymes can split thyroxine from the thyroglobulin colloid. Finally the hormone is diffused out of the thyrocyte, through the cell membrane into the bloodstream on its way to the peripheral tissues via the capillary.Image from http//wps. aw. com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10969/2808223. cw/index. html

Institute of Management Accounting’s

Institute of Management reports (IMA) mission is to deliver a forum for question, pr lay outice development, entropy, knowledge sharing, and the advocacy of the highest ethical and go around business practices in management accounting and finance. The IMA has potently enforced ethics since its inception. Their ethics commission was one(a) of the first committees established in 1919, at their rattling first meeting. It was c tout ensemble The Standard of good Conduct for Management Accountants. This shows that the IMA is extremely serious when it comes to the professionalism requisite by its members.This guideline has been revised twice, erst in 1979 and so again in 2005. Upon the brook revision, the encipher of ethical conduct became the IMA Statement of ethical master Practice. both members essential take an anathema and adhere to the Institute of Management Accounting (IMA) Standards of honest Professional Practice. The be four main principles of this code o f ethical conduct. They argon I. Honesty II. Fairness III. objectiveness IV. Responsibility It is the responsibility of every comptroller to accept with these standards to avoid any type of disciplinarian action. concord to the IMA each member moldiness be professional. galore(postnominal) of the beas of professionalism to be takeed includes a commitment to education. This is the section of the IMA Statement of respectable Professional Practice that requires all accountant members to stay abreast of the umpteen laws, regulations and skillful standards. Due to our every sidereal day landscape and the continual changes in accounting, taxes, etc. , the IMA has a continuing education (CE) requirement. All accountants must take a certain come up of CE classes so that theyll be able to provide sound advice to their clients. This does not unaccompanied keep them knowledgeable, it in any case keeps them aw be of their professional limitations.Anformer(a) part of an accountants responsibility is to respect the confidentiality of their clients. They must abide by a high level of scrutiny to founder sure that not only do they constantly per approach pattern ethically and within the law, simply they must also make sure that all of the activities of their subordinates ar legal. This requires a large(p) bum of integrity. To deplete integrity. The formalized definition of integrity is Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code. This is the instauration of IMAs existence. Aristotle once said, We do not act rightly because we hit virtue or excellence, but rather we open those because we fall in acted rightly.It is obvious that in that respect is no room for error when it come to the IMAs code of ethical conduct. An accountant must be ethical when discussing any financial reporting, including advice and recommendations. He take to assess the financial state of the company to the take up of his ability. It is his duty and responsibility to be forthcoming with every r plainues, expenses, assets and liabilities and let the chips fall where they may. In essence, they must be delightful and objective. The IMAs ethics guidelines bemuse been use by other companies and organizations in some shape, form or fashion for many years.This tells you that this ethical guideline, in particular, is something that crosses all lines. It is very easy to live your conduct with these principles. As a matter of fact, the IMA expects their members to behave in their ain life story and community with the ethical professionalism that is postulate in their profession. As a student, I can, have and willing continue to use every champion one of these principles. It is kind of obvious that there are many ways to access information with the coming of the internet. therefore, students today have access to many things that were not available 30 or even 20 years ago.It now takes a great deal of commitment to honesty to maintain ones int egrity. As a student, I too, must maintain that scent out of integrity. I believe integrity is the initiation of the entire IMAs Statement of Profession Ethical Conduct. Lets get hold how this can is pertinent to me as a student. To remain honest in this society is becoming more rare that the norm. It is supreme that I maintain my sense of honesty throughout my education. As a student, there are a variety of ethical decisions to be made at any given time. I will have to make an ethical alternatives every single day.By being honest and accountable with my decisions, I will actually take away a higher(prenominal) and more thorough breaking experience. As a student there are many opportunities for double-tongued behavior up to and including plagiarism. There are many students who are motivated by the minutes of their dishonesty and others who are only motivated by the end result. In other words, they would do it, if they knew for sure that they wouldnt hurt caught. Those are t he students that are lacking in integrity. Personally, my motivation is the consequence of losing out on the education of a lifetime.Im a Clarity Coach. I attend people see their life with clarity. In doing so, I expect to be true to myself. If I cant see things clearly, and I can only do that by being honest with myself, then how do I expect to help others get to the next level in their life. I am motivated by my passion for knowledge. I emergency to know more and I want to learn more. I can only do these by adhering to my personal code of ethics. To be competent is to be knowledgeable. One gains a sense of knowledge by learning. The only way to learn is to perform as a student.As a student, there are certain guidelines that you must adhere to. Every university has their receive set of rules and regulations. One obvious rule is to cipher and perform in classes. This must be make to continue to develop my knowledge and skills. If that doesnt happen, either caller (you or the u niversity) can decide look at other options. You can make the choice to reserve or your school can make that choice for you. In reference to me, I must do everything possible to learn whats put forrader me to successfully perform in the business program, in other words, I must be competent.There are several reasons to maintain a sense of confidentiality. By revealing privileged information, we can have a substantial impact on other individuals. Anything that precludes another individual from gaining the perceived level of education from taking a course, is quite frankly, unethical and ineligible in respect to the inferred rule that everyone is allowed an education. There are several advantages of maintaining confidentiality, the most important one is promoting the probability to learn. There is an inherent sense of confidentiality that I must observe hen it comes to the sharing of curriculum assignments, research papers, and a host personal information.In a class environment, yo u may find out personal information just by the nature of schoolroom interaction, as well as group projects. Again, it is positive not to disclose any confidential information acquired during these interactions unless expressly authorized to do so. It is also a immense part of the learning experience for the instructor to maintain a sense of confidentiality to their students. A rear of tube could impact that students interaction, absorption of the information and prevent them from pursuit assistance when/if wished.If a professor is confidential with a students information and/or private dealings, they actually settle that relationship and foster continued learning and swan in that student. Im sure it could have a huge impact on my classroom performance. I have to maintain a sense of fairness and objectivity at all times, when it comes to responding to my classmates, group members and professors. I need to be mindful that everyone is entitled to their own opinion, including myself. However, I need to express it in a fair and balanced manner.When we consider the challenges that have been faced by many of our major corporations and accounting firms, along with the S&L catastrophe from years ago, we quickly see how creative financial managers can put us all at risk of losing what weve worked so unstated for, at any given time. If only these companies were affiliated to the guidelines of the IMA, we could have quite possibly had a very different corporate climate all together. Its quite possible that major financial disasters equal Enron and WorldCom would have been unthinkable and therefore non-existent.It is also quite obvious that the IMAs Statement of Ethical Professional Practice is relevant for so many corporations, organizations and even individuals like me. Today, with the advent of the internet, there are so many ways to compromise your integrity. Students today have access to many things that were not available 30 or even 20 years ago. I can h onestly say that it takes a great deal of commitment to honesty to maintain ones integrity. As a student, every day I make the choice to live my life with integrity.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.